References

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References

When you apply for jobs, you will be asked to provide references. Usually this means providing the names and phone numbers of people who can answer questions about your work history and qualifications. Having good references can make a difference in your job search, so you want to choose your references with care. For more information, go to these topics:

Types of references
Selecting references
Before giving out your references
Other sources

Types of references

There are four types of references. It is best if you can have several references representing the different types:

Employment references include past employers and co-workers who can speak about your specific employment experience.

Professional references are people who know you on a professional basis. They may include contacts from business, professional, or community organizations.

Academic references are instructors and vocational counselors who can speak about your academic endeavors. These references are most appropriate for current students or recent graduates.

Personal references are people who know you personally and can describe your skills.

Selecting references

Here are some guidelines for selecting the best references:

Select people who honestly know you and will speak objectively.

Avoid references where the potential employer may assume a bias in the relationship, such a family member or close friend.

Avoid references that may be controversial or may concern the employer. Examples of these types of references are clergy, counselors, or social workers.

Someone who is influential in the community or business may be an effective reference but select that person only if he or she meets the other criteria listed above.

Before giving out your references

Before you give the name of a reference to a potential employer, you need to contact the reference and:

Get permission to give out his or her name and number.
Find out if the reference would prefer to be contacted at work or home.
Find out the best times to reach her or him.
Discuss your job search goals and the specific employers who may be calling.

Other sources

Besides providing a list of references, you can provide copies of letters of recommendation from former employers. Copies of written performance evaluations may also be helpful.

Source: Creative Job Search, Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development.
Page last updated in July 2008.